Which of the following scenarios would typically call for the invocation of 'eminent domain'?

The correct answer pertains to a situation where a government wants to build a new highway. This scenario exemplifies the use of eminent domain, which is the legal power of the government to take private property for public use, provided that just compensation is paid to the property owner. The rationale behind this is the need for developments that serve the public good, such as infrastructure projects that benefit the community at large.

The government has the authority to acquire land for performance-enhancing needs like road construction, parks, or schools. In this case, the expansion or creation of a highway is seen as vital to public welfare, so the government may enact eminent domain to secure the necessary land, fulfilling its obligations to improve transportation and overall quality of life for the population.

The other scenarios involve private transactions or actions that do not typically involve the public interest in the same way. A homeowner wishing to sell their home and a developer looking to subdivide a lot are instances of private property dealings. A bank foreclosing on a property pertains to financial matters rather than governmental needs. Thus, none of these scenarios fulfill the criteria for eminent domain in the context of public benefit that the construction of a highway would meet.