What must David apply for if local zoning requires a 30-ft setback but his architect indicates a 20-ft distance?

When local zoning regulations dictate a specific setback requirement, such as a 30-foot distance from the property line, any deviation from this rule typically necessitates a variance. A variance is a legal exception to zoning rules that allows a property owner to use their land in a manner that would otherwise be prohibited by the existing zoning ordinance.

In this scenario, David's architect suggests a 20-foot setback, which does not comply with the mandated 30-foot requirement. To proceed with his plans legally, David must apply for a variance to obtain permission to build closer to the property boundary than what is typically allowed. This process involves presenting his case to the local zoning board, which will evaluate whether the proposed alteration meets specific criteria, such as proving that adherence to the standard setback would cause undue hardship.

The other options provided do not apply in this context. A special exception often pertains to uses that are permitted under certain conditions but not all developments can qualify for this. A building permit is necessary for construction once compliance with zoning laws is confirmed but does not permit deviations from existing regulations. Lastly, a zoning change involves altering the zoning classification for a property, which is a more extensive process not suitable for a single setback requirement adjustment.

Overall, applying for a variance is